Lewis & Clark Style Guide

Not am or A.M. or AM

• Use only the most universal abbreviations.

GPA
FBI
L&C (informal second and subsequent references only; not LC or L&C)

• See also addresses, degrees, Lewis & Clark.

Use AES for second and subsequent references.

Make sure you understand the add/drop process.

• Use periods with compass directions.

S.W.
E.

• Spell out names of numbered streets through nine. Use numerals for 10 and greater.

Fifth
Ninth
10th
108th

• Spell out Avenue,Boulevard, and Street unless space is at a premium. Exception: Terwilliger Blvd. Do not mix spelled-out addresses and abbreviated addresses within the same document.

Not adviser

Not African-American. See also IDENTITY.

• Always use figures. If ages are expressed as adjectives before a noun or as substitutes for a noun, use hyphens.

The child is 2 years old.
He just turned 15.
It’s a 3-year-old program.
The room was full of 7-year-olds.

• Use age (not aged).

Morgan, age 4, doesn’t appreciate dry humor.
That video is intended for a retirement-age audience, not a teenage one.

Not alright

• Order scholarships, foundations, companies, and similar entities by the first significant word in the name.

The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation goes under J
Abraham Lincoln, Attorney at Law goes under A

• Order individuals by surname or family name. If this name consists of more than one word, sort by the first of those words. Respect the individual’s wishes regarding what is—and what is not—considered to be that person’s last name.

• alumna: singular, female
• alumnae: plural, women only
• alumni: plural, men only or men and women
• alumnus: singular, male
• alum: singular, male or female; appropriate in informal contexts
• For alumni class identification, see class year and degree identification.

See the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, 8.37 for guidance.

• With few exceptions (noted here), do not use ampersands when writing on behalf of the institution. Use and instead.
• The ampersand is part of the official name of our institution. It is not optional in the following terms:

Lewis & Clark (the educational institution)
Lewis & Clark College of Arts and Sciences
Lewis & Clark Graduate School of Education and Counseling
Lewis & Clark Law School

• Web only: To save space, you may substitute an ampersand for and in title and navigational elements. Do not substitute the ampersand for and in sentences, however.

College of Arts & Sciences Commencement
A video of the College of Arts and Sciences commencement is now available online…

• When referring to corporations and other institutions, avoid using an ampersand unless it is part of the entity’s official name.

National Fish and Wildlife Foundation
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Oregon Health & Science University
Schwabe, Williamson & Wyatt

See ensure, insure, assure.

Avoid Bar except when used as part of a proper name.

He was admitted to the bar last spring.
She is president of the Oregon State Bar.

Long form: University of California at Berkeley School of Law
Short form: Berkeley Law

Do not include Boalt Hall in the name of this school.

She’s thinking of becoming a biochemistry/molecular biology major.

• Use board on second reference.
• Considered singular: The Board of Alumni approves of the change.

• Do not capitalize.
• Considered singular: The board of directors invites members to this event.

• Capitalize when referring to Lewis & Clark’s Board of Trustees. Do not capitalize elsewhere.
• Use board on second reference.
• Considered singular: The Board of Trustees approves of the change.

• Use board on second reference.
• Considered singular: The Board of Visitors approves of the change.

Include the accent if at all possible.

• Spell out when used on its own: British Columbia
• Abbreviate when used with a city name: Victoria, B.C. 
• See also cities.

See NAMES OF BUILDINGS AND FEATURES.

• In running text, do not abbreviate Company or Companies to Co. or Cos.
• In running text, delete Inc., Ltd., N.A.,P.C., and LLP unless necessary to distinguish from a name (e.g., Helene Curtis, Inc.).
• Do not use an ampersand (&) unless it is part of the official name.

Schwabe, Williamson & Wyatt

• Follow the company’s style for punctuation.

Foster Pepper Tooze
Johnson Renshaw & Lechman-Su

• Follow the company’s style for initial and internal caps (e.g., PageMaker, DirecTV). Exceptions: Capitalize the initial letter(s) of any name that, according to company style, is not capitalized (e.g., Adidas, not adidas). Capitalize only the initial letter(s) of any name that, according to company style, should appear in all caps (e.g.,Visa, not VISA; Lexis-Nexis, not LEXIS-NEXIS).

Not Bylaws, by-laws, or ByLaws

Not Caller ID

Okay to abbreviate to CAB on second and subsequent references.

Not campus-wide or campus wide

• Lewis & Clark publications follow The Chicago Manual of Style recommendation to apply a “down” style, using capitals sparingly.
• Capitalize proper nouns.

Lewis & Clark Board of Trustees
Lewis & Clark Graduate School of Education and Counseling
Lewis & Clark Law School
Templeton Campus Center

• Do not capitalize common nouns.

the board
the graduate school
the institute

• Do not capitalize college if it is standing alone.

• Capitalize Lewis & Clark office names.

Office of Human Resources or Human Resources
Student Support Services
Campus Living
Office of Campus Safety or Campus Safety

• Capitalize prepositions or conjunctions of four or more letters in headlines and titles.

Secrets From the Center of the World

• When a term that would normally be capitalized as part of a proper name is used in the plural, capitalize the term.

the Columbia and Willamette Rivers (Columbia River)
Department of Counseling, Therapy, and School Psychology Programs (Art Therapy Program)
Multnomah and Clackamas Counties (Multnomah County)

• Capitalize generic terms used in the plural before more than one proper name.

Mounts Rainier and Hood

• See also business entities; courses; degrees; departments; endorsements; endowed professorships; fields, majors, and minors; people (titles of); programs; works (titles of); and entries under individual terms.

Not Cascade mountains

• Spell out if first through ninth: third century, seventh century.
• Use numerals for 10th and greater: 13th century, 19th century.
• Hyphenate when used as an adjective: eighth-century text, 20th-century poetry.
• We recommend using C.E. (“of the Common Era”) and B.C.E. (“before the Common Era”) rather than A.D. (anno Domini, “in the year of the Lord”) and B.C. (“before Christ”).

Use instead of chairman, chairwoman, or chairperson. Exception: Use chairman of the board if this title is used by a corporation.

Not change of registration period or Change-of-Registration Period

Capitalize when used with a year:

Class of 2017
They graduated in 2023 but identify with the Class of 2024.

• In publications referring to two or more Lewis & Clark schools, use the following model to identify alumni and students:

Jane Smith BA ’21
Joan Smith JD ’01
Janet Smith MAT ’14

• Do not use periods for degree abbreviations.
• Use a space between a degree abbreviation and year.
• Use an apostrophe (or single closing quote mark) at the beginning of the number.

’97
’04
’15

• Do not use a comma to separate a name from a Lewis & Clark degree, except when citing multiple L&C degrees.

Sean Smith BA ’04
Juan Smith BA ’17, MAT ’20

• Use a comma to separate a name from a degree granted by an institution other than Lewis & Clark.

Jeanne Smith, JD

• Use the following form in lists or photo captions when identifying people who earned a certificate but not a degree at Lewis & Clark:

Ian Smith, Educational Leadership certificate ’05

Note: Capitalize Certificate if using headline capping style for the caption or list.

• When referring to a certificate holder in running text, describe the certificate (rather than identifying the person with an abbreviation and year in the manner of a degree holder or degree-seeking student).

Ian Smith, who holds a certificate in educational leadership, …

• When identifying people in lists or photo captions who studied at Lewis & Clark but were not part of a degree or certificate program, cite the last year in which they took classes at the school. Do not use a degree abbreviation.

Sinead Smith ’00

• When referring to a former student in running text who was not part of a degree or certificate program, use one of the following models:

Sinead Smith, who studied at the Lewis & Clark Graduate School of Education and Counseling from 1998 to 2000, …

Smith completed the Standard Superintendent licensure program at Lewis & Clark in 2000.

• Adapt the above guidelines as necessary to suit the context of a citation.

• first-year student
• sophomore or second-year student
• junior
• senior

In general, do not hyphenate.

coauthor
codirector
copastor

Not co-ed

• Do not capitalize collegeunless the word is used as part of the name of a school or office.

He wants to find a college in this region.
Did you consult the College Outdoors schedule?

• Rather than simply writing college, consider using Lewis & Clark College, Lewis & Clark, us, we, or institution instead.

What interests you most about Lewis & Clark?

• Avoid immediately following namely, for example, and similar expressions.
• Do not use immediately following a verb or preposition.
• For more guidance, consult the Chicago Manual of Style, sections 6.63–6.69.

• Use a comma before and or or in a series.

red, white, and blue
faculty, students, or parents

• When a city-state or city-country combination appears in the body of a sentence, follow the name of the state or country with a comma.

My house is located in Astoria, Oregon, and was built in 1911.
She traveled to Istanbul, Turkey, by plane.

• When listing a date in the month-day-year format in the body of a sentence, follow the year with a comma.

Between December 1, 1999, and January 2, 2000, they attended 32 parties.

Not the Cooley House or The Cooley House

Not CORE. Capitalize when referring to Core Curriculum or Core Program.

Considered plural: The couple live in Beaverton.

Not courseload

Not course-work or course work

She elected the credit/no credit option.

Do not hyphenate in the context of the track event.

She ran cross country this year.
How did he do at the cross country meet?

Not crosscultural or cross cultural

See degrees with distinction.

• We use two kinds of dashes in Lewis & Clark communications. They are the en dash, which is only slightly longer than the hyphen, and the em dash.

hyphen -
en dash –
em dash —

• Use the en dash to punctuate inclusive ranges of numbers, times, and dates:

pages 9–22
1:30–5:30 p.m.
December 1897–March 1902

• The em dash (often called simply the dash) is the most common dash. We sometimes use em dashes in place of parentheses, commas, or colons. 

His friends—if you could really call them that—were quick to vanish whenever he asked for help.

• See also em dash and en dash.

• Use commas to set off the year when using full dates.

She was born on September 15, 1985, in Los Angeles.

• Do not use commas when using only month-and-year constructions.

Planning began in September 1995.

• Do not use 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on with dates.

July 21
April 2

• Use the year if referring to a date not in the current calendar year.

Rory Williams and Amy Pond had a baby in December 2011.
but
The Songs had a baby in January (of this year).

• Use the following models when referring to periods of years:

She worked from 1949 to 1961.
He worked in 1949–50. (for an academic year)
He worked in the 1950s. (for a decade)
Avoid ’50s. Do not use 1950’s.

• See also months and en dash.

How many sophomores made it onto the Dean’s List this semester?

Decision making, we agreed, would be a critical function of this position.
The candidate demonstrated stellar decision-making skills.

• Do not use periods with academic degree abbreviations.

BA
BS
EdD
EdS
MA
MAT
MS
PhD
JD
LLM
MBA
MSL

• Do not capitalize academic degrees when spelled out in general terms.

bachelor of arts or bachelor’s degree
master of arts or master’s degree
doctorate
juris doctor

• In lists, style faculty credentials as follows:

PhD 1966 Princeton University. MA 1962 Reed College.
PhD 1979, MA 1972 Stanford University.
JD 1975 Harvard Law School.

• Reserve Dr. for those holding doctorates in medical fields only. Exception: Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr.

Set in Roman face; do not capitalize or use italics.

Also Counseling, Therapy, and School Psychology Department.

Associate Professor of Professional Mental Health Counseling Stella Beatríz Kerl-McClain
Stella Beatríz Kerl-McClain, associate professor of Professional Mental Health Counseling

• Capitalize the formal names of academic departments.

Department of Chemistry
Department of Education
Department of English

• In informal names and descriptions of academic departments, capitalize only proper nouns. (Hint: Informal names often begin with the subject.)

chemistry department
education department
English department

• See also fields, majors, and minors and programs.

Consult the Associated Press Stylebook and Libel Manual for guidance.

Reserve for those holding doctorates in medical fields only. Exception: Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr.

Use a dollar sign followed by a numeral. Do not use .00 with dollar values.

$250 (not $250.00)
$12,300
$5.3 million

• This abbreviation should be used only in parenthetical phrases, where it is punctuated with periods and set off with a comma.

The College of Arts and Sciences offers several majors (e.g., biology, economics, Hispanic studies).

• Do not use etc. at the end of a phrase beginning with e.g.

Use an em dash (—) to indicate an abrupt change in thought, or where a period is too strong and a comma is too weak. Do not put spaces around an em dash.

Do not hyphenate this term. (Changed September 10, 2012.)

• emerita: singular, female.

 professor emerita of economics

• emeriti: plural.

faculty emeriti

• emeritus: singular, male.

professor emeritus of art

• Emerita or Emeritus immediately follows Professor in references to the titles of those who held named professorships.

Richard L. Rohrbaugh, Paul S. Wright Professor Emeritus of Christian Studies

Capitalize formal names of graduate school endorsements.

ESOL/Bilingual Education Endorsement
Language and Literacy Program: Reading Endorsement (reading endorsement for subsequent references)
Special Educator Endorsement

• Use ensure to mean guarantee or make certain: Steps were taken to ensure the document’s accuracy.
• Use insure for references to the characteristics of insurance: The policy will insure your home.
• Use assure to give confidence or to inform positively: She assured him that the decision was a wise one.

• Use entitled to mean furnished with proper grounds for seeking or claiming something: He felt entitled to refreshments more substantial than “foreign beer and dry cheese.”

• Use titled to mean provided with a title, or designated or called by a title: She has tentatively titled her next book Where We Go From Here.

Not ESL.

He teaches English to speakers of other languages.
She is pursuing concentrations in social studies and English for speakers of other languages.

Except in lists, tables, and parenthetical series, substitute and so on or and so forth.

In running text, spell out when referring to a phone number; separate with commas.

Call 800-753-9292, extension 1, for details.

Usually considered plural: The faculty attend these events.

• Bain
  

  Jeffrey Bain Faculty Scholar

  Jeffrey Bain Faculty Scholar and Professor of Law Michael Blumm

  Jeffrey Bain Faculty Scholar and Professor of Law Susan Mandiberg

  Michael Blumm, Jeffrey Bain Faculty Scholar and professor of law

  Susan Mandiberg, Jeffrey Bain Faculty Scholar and professor of law

• Kitagawa and Johnson-Laird
  

  Kay Kitagawa and Andy Johnson-Laird Intellectual Property Faculty Scholar

  Kay Kitagawa and Andy Johnson-Laird Intellectual Property Faculty Scholar and Professor of Law Lydia Loren

  Lydia Loren, Kay Kitagawa and Andy Johnson-Laird Intellectual Property Faculty Scholar and professor of law

• Newell
  

  Douglas K. Newell Faculty Scholar

  Douglas K. Newell Faculty Scholar and Professor of Law John Bogdanski

  John Bogdanski, Douglas K. Newell Faculty Scholar and professor of law

Not Fax or FAX

Lowercase fellow in references to those holding named fellowships.

Pamplin fellow

Capitalize Fellowship in references in named fellowships.

Pamplin Fellowship

Lowercase the names of academic fields, majors, and minors, except proper nouns.

history
East Asian studies
Spanish
international affairs

Not field work or field-work

See the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, 8.41 (page 325) for guidance.

They will be seated on a first-come, first-served basis.

Avoid freshman or freshmen. See class year/standing.

Not Founder’s Day or Founders’ Day

Not the Frank Manor House or The Frank Manor House

Tell me, how does he do as a fundraiser?
We will announce our fundraising objective later this month.

See also events.

Capitalize when referring to the College of Arts and Sciences’ General Education requirements.

This is a trademarked term. To be in compliance with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, you must do the following:

1. Place the term prominently, such as in the title (for a print piece or PDF) or at the very top (for a webpage).
2. Include the trademark symbol ® at the upper right corner of the term on first use or most visible use in this prominent location.
3. Include the following trademark attribution notice in a prominently visible location: ‘‘GI Bill® is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). More information about education benefits offered by VA is available at the official U.S. government website at benefits.va.gov/gibill.”

Use of the registered trademark symbol is not required each time the mark appears in a single document or on a webpage. However, the symbol should be prominent on all individual documents and webpages.

To learn more, read the VA’s Trademark Terms of Use.

Use GPA on second reference.

Use letter grade with no quotation marks. 

She received an A in the course.
There is a W on his transcript.
She earned three Bs and two Cs.

Also the graduate school

Not hash tag or Hashtag

Take note of the accent.

Not healthcare or health-care

See Student Health Services.

From which high school did you graduate?
High school students were bunched tightly on the pathway, trying to catch the voice of their guide.

Not home work or home-work

See people (titles of).

See degrees with distinction.

Used for listing the specific case(s) referred to in the preceding material. Should be punctuated with periods and set off with a comma.

Please state your response (i.e., yes or no).

Not Indian Country

Do not separate with a space.

See ensure, insure, assure.

See also events.

Not the uppercase Internet

See people (titles of).

See people (names of).

• kickoff (n.): Kickoff is scheduled for 4:15 p.m., rain or shine.
• kick-off (adj.): We’re in the process of planning the kick-off event.
• kick off (v.): Do you want to kick off this meeting by sharing highlights from last week’s symposium?

Lewis & Clark’s campus radio station

Consider using this term, which has come into use as a gender-neutral alternative to Latina and Latino and a nonbinary alternative to Latino/a, when writing to or about people who identify as being of Latin American descent—especially those who live or were born in the United States. As always, be guided by the preferences of the individuals to whom you are referring.

See Lewis & Clark Law School. 

Lay means “to put” or “to place.” It requires an object to complete its meaning. Principal forms are lay, laid, laid, laying.

Please lay the boxes there. I laid the message on the table.

Lie means “to recline, rest, or stay” or “to take a position of rest.” It refers to a person or thing as either assuming or being in a reclining position. This verb cannot take an object. Principal forms are lie, lay, lain, lying.

He’s been ill and lies in bed all day. The mail is lying on the secretary’s desk.

Hint: To determine whether to use lie or lay in a sentence, substitute the word place, placed, or placing (as appropriate) for the word in question. If the substitute fits, the corresponding form of lay is correct; if it doesn’t, use the appropriate form of lie.

The names of legal cases (plaintiff and defendant) are usually italicized.

Miranda v. Arizona
Green v. Department of Public Welfare

Use alumni association on second and subsequent references.

• Use the full name on first reference. On subsequent references or in the context of all three schools, use the law school.
• Although Northwestern School of Law of Lewis & Clark College is the legal and historical name of the law school, its use is largely restricted to diplomas and stationery.

For second and subsequent references, use hall of fame.

• Lewis & Clark applies to the entire institution. Lewis & Clark College generally refers to the College of Arts and Sciences only.
• Lewis & Clark on subsequent references or L&C (for informal references only). The ampersand (&) is not optional.
• For international audiences, avoid College, even when referring specifically to the College of Arts and Sciences. The word may mean high school to these audiences.
• See also abbreviations, COLLEGE. 

Okay to use the expedition after first appearance. 

But Living-Learning initiative

 It’s a newly created program.

See people (names of).

See fields, majors, and minors.

Stands for Metropolitan Area Express, the regional light-rail system.

Regional government agency; not METRO.

The report will arrive in mid- to late November.

Spell out months in text matter: We’re heading overseas November 15.

Spell out Mount if space permits.

Spell out both Mount and Saint if space permits.

Not multi cultural or multi-cultural.

• African Marimba Ensemble
• College Choir
• Friends of Rain
  
• Jazz Ensemble
  
• Lewis & Clark Cappella Nova Choir, Cappella Nova
• Lewis & Clark College Orchestra, orchestra
• Lewis & Clark College Pep Band
  
• Lewis & Clark Community Chorale
  
• Lewis & Clark Gamelan, The Venerable Showers of Beauty
• Lewis & Clark Percussion Ensemble
  
• Lewis & Clark Women’s Chorus
  
• musical theatre
• West African Rhythms
• Wind Symphony (not Wind Ensemble)

A
Akin Hall
Albany Quadrangle, Albany
Alder Hall
Alumni Circle
B
John E. and Susan S. Bates Center for Entrepreneurship and Leadership, Bates Center for Entrepreneurship and Leadership, Bates Center
Biology-Psychology
BoDine
Paul L. Boley Law Library, Boley Law Library, law library
Bookstore
C
Campus Safety
Center for Spiritual Life (change noted August 2023)
Cooley House (not the Cooley House or The Cooley House)
Copeland Hall (residence hall)
Corbett Annex
Corbett House (not the Corbett House or The Corbett House)
Council Chamber (not Council Chambers)
Counseling Center (historically, Counseling Service, change noted July 2023)
D
Dovecote Café
(historical reference only: U.G. Dubach Student Lounge, Dubach Student Lounge)
E
East Hall (residence hall)
Evans Auditorium
Evans Music Center, Evans
F
Facilities (not to be confused with Facilities Services, the office)
Fred W. Fields Center for the Visual Arts, Fields Center, visual arts center
Fields Dining Room
(historical reference only: Fir Acres, Fir Acres Estate)
Fir Acres Theatre, theatre (avoid using the shorter Fir Acres, which might be confused with the name of the original estate)
Fix Track
Agnes Flanagan Chapel, Flanagan Chapel, chapel
Forest Complex (residence)
Stephanie Fowler Student Center (don’t include a middle initial), Fowler Student Center, Fowler, student center (historically, Templeton Campus Center, Templeton Student Center)
Frank Manor House (not the Frank Manor House or The Frank Manor House)
Fred W. Fields Center for the Visual Arts, Fields Center, visual arts center
G
Gantenbein
Graduate Campus (historically, South Campus)
Greenhouse
Diane Gregg Pavilion, Gregg Pavilion
Griswold Stadium
H
Hartzfeld Hall (residence hall)
Health Center (historically, Health Service, change noted July 2023)
Heating and Cooling Plant
Ronna and Eric Hoffman Gallery of Contemporary Art, Hoffman Gallery, the gallery
Edna Holmes Gardens, Holmes Gardens (historically, East Terrace and Estate Gardens)
Edna Holmes Hall, Holmes Hall (residence hall)
C. Howard Hall, Howard Hall (residence hall, not to be confused with J.R. Howard Hall)
Hu Media Lounge, media lounge
J
John R. Howard Hall, J.R. Howard Hall (to avoid confusion with C. Howard Hall)
Juniper Hall (residence hall)
L
Law Campus
Legal Research Center, LRC
M
Manzanita Hall (residence hall)
(historical references only: Maggie’s Café and Convenience Store, Maggie’s Café, Maggie’s)
McAfee
Chester E. McCarty Classrooms, McCarty
Beth Miller Lounge, Miller Lounge
James F. Miller Center for the Humanities, Miller Center, humanities center
N
Patrick and Dorris Nielson Courtyard, Nielson Courtyard (new in 2023)
O
Odell Annex (new in 2023)
Odell Hall (residence hall)
Olin Center for Physics and Chemistry
Outdoor Pool and Dressing Pavilion (currently offline)
P
Pamplin Sports Center, Pamplin
Platt Hall (residence hall)
Ponderosa Hall (residence hall)
R
Roberts Hall (residence hall)
Rogers Hall
Rose Garden (currently offline)
S
Sequoia
Gordon H. Smith Hall, Smith Hall
South Chapel
South Chapel Annex
Spruce Hall (residence hall)
Stamm Dining Room
Stewart Hall (residence hall)
T
Tamarack (not Tamarack Hall)
Templeton Plaza (new in 2023)
Tennis Courts
Tennis Dome
Trail Room
U
Undergraduate Campus (historically, Fir Acres Campus)
W
Aubrey R. Watzek Library, Watzek Library, library
West Hall (residence hall)
Wilson Field
Louise and Erskine Wood Sr. Hall, Wood Hall
Y
York Graduate Center (historically, South Campus Conference Center), York 
Z
Zehntbauer Swimming Pavilion, Zehntbauer

Room numbering style: Room 1, Room 2, and so on

• Use the full current name of colleges and universities. When referring to a college or school within a larger institution, use the full current name of the smaller entity.

Bard College
Harvard University
Yale Law School
Oregon Health & Science University (not Oregon Health Sciences University) 
Reed College
University of Oregon
University of Arizona John E. Rogers College of Law
Willamette University

• When referring to an institution belonging to a multicampus system, precede the location with at in all instances.

State University of New York at Buffalo
University of California at Berkeley (not University of California, Berkeley)
University of Wisconsin at Madison (not University of Wisconsin-Madison)

B
John E. and Susan S. Bates Center for Entrepreneurship and Leadership, Bates Center for Entrepreneurship and Leadership, Bates Center
C
Center for Spiritual Life (change noted August 2023), Spiritual Life
Counseling Center (historically, Counseling Service, change noted July 2023)
Department of Counseling, Therapy, and School Psychology Programs; Counseling, Therapy, and School Psychology Programs; Counseling, Therapy, and School Psychology
D
Department of Counseling, Therapy, and School Psychology Programs; Counseling, Therapy, and School Psychology Programs; Counseling, Therapy, and School Psychology
F
Facilities Services (not to be confused with Facilities, the building)
H
Health Center (historically, Health Service, change noted July 2023)
S
Center for Spiritual Life (change noted August 2023), Spiritual Life

See the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, 8.41 (page 325) for guidance.

She was named a Neely scholar.
We awarded the Neely Scholarship to him.

See also events.

Capitalize this term when it is used in reference to the College Outdoors program for incoming students.

Not non-credit

If the object of the preposition after none is singular, use a singular verb. Likewise, if the object of the preposition after the verb is plural, use a plural verb. 

None of the day was wasted.
None of us were alert.

Also not-for-profit

See Lewis & Clark Law School.

• Spell out zero through nine. Use Arabic numerals for 10 and greater. If more than one numeral appears in the same sentence—and all of them refer to the same category of item—do not use numerals for some and spell out others. If according to the rule you must use numerals for one of the items in a given category, then for consistency’s sake use numerals for them all.

He had four books on his desk.
She planted 12 bulbs in her garden.
There were 5 students in the morning session and 12 students in the afternoon.

• Use a comma with numerals of 1,000 and above (except dates).

5,000
42,000

• Use numerals when referring to academic credit.

The student earned 2.5 hours of credit.

• Use numerals when referring to a page number.

The passage begins on page 5.

• See also ages, percentages.

Hyphenate these terms only when they are used as compound modifiers.

What are my on-campus housing options?
The department will provide transportation for students involved in off-campus research.
Can my parrot live on campus?
This party will be off campus.

Not off-line

Not OK

Not on-line

We submitted an op-ed to the paper.
If they have room, they might print it on the op-ed page, I suppose.

• Note the use of the ampersand (&).
• OHSU is acceptable for second and subsequent appearances.

OTSPC is acceptable for second and subsequent references.

Not Washington Park Zoo

Not overseas trip

Not PM or P.M.

Do not capitalize fellow in this context.

See endowed professorships.

Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr. Society of Fellows, Pamplin Society, the society

Use U.S. Patent and Trademark Depository.

• In the first reference, use the individual’s full name, including any middle initials according to the individual’s preference or the formality of the context. In subsequent references, use last names only.

First reference: Donald Balmer Second reference: Balmer
First reference: Jennifer Johnson Second reference: Johnson
First reference: Charles R. Ault Jr. Second reference: Ault

• In text, do not surround Jr. or Sr. following a name with commas.

I saw Kent Swanson Sr. at the event.

• Enclose nicknames in quotation marks. (Note: Nicknames generally should be avoided.)
• When including a former last name in a reference, place it before the current last name and do not use parentheses. The decision to include a former last name should be based on the individual’s preference, if known, or informed by the need for clarity in a specific context.

Hillary Rodham Clinton
Elizabeth Barrett Browning

• Drop titles and first names on second and subsequent references.
• See also endowed professorships.

In text, spell out percent; use the percent sign (%) in tables and graphics.

Use hyphens; do not use parentheses or periods. Omit the 1 in all long-distance numbers, including toll-free numbers.

503-768-7970
888-601-8202

• To make the possessive form of most plural nouns, add an apostrophe.
  

I don’t think much of those candidates’ chances.

Not post-baccalaureate or Postbaccalaureate

In general, do not hyphenate. Exceptions: pre-dental, pre-law, pre-med, pre-vet.

preapproved
preset
prework

• Capitalize the formal names of programs.

Language and Literacy Program
East Asian Studies
Environmental and Natural Resources Law Program

• Do not capitalize generic names and descriptions of programs.

education program
science program

• See also capitalization.

See colon, comma, dash, spaces.

Use figures and a hyphen.

a ratio of 2-to-1
a 2-1 ratio

See also TITLES OF EVENTS.

In general, do not hyphenate.

reedit, reunify, reestablish

See ROTC.

Not résumé or resumé

• James W. Rogers Professorship in Music
• James W. Rogers Professor of Music, Rogers Professor of Music
• John S. Rogers Science Program
• Mary Stuart Rogers Professorship in Education
• Mary Stuart Rogers Professor of Education, Rogers Professor of Education
• Mary Stuart Rogers scholar (education)
• Rogers Hall
• Rogers scholar (music)
• See also endowed professorships.

Capitalize, use Arabic numerals: Room 4, Room 232, Miller 105.

Preferred to Reserve Officers Training Corps

In references to the Lewis & Clark location, avoid traffic circle.

Avoid; consider substituting Please reply. Not R.S.V.P.

• Do not capitalize scholar in references to those holding named scholarships.

Dean’s scholar
Neely scholar
Rhodes scholar
Rogers scholar

• See also faculty scholars.
  

Capitalize Scholarship in references to named scholarships:

Lowercase the names of seasons:

fall, winter, spring, summer
fall semester, spring semester
winter 2006 

See people (names of).

Avoid seniors, which may cause confusion with fourth-year students in some contexts.

• Avoid words that are commonly perceived as sexist. For example, use chair, if possible, rather than chairman or chairwoman.

• Avoid substituting person for man:

chair (not chairperson)
News anchor (not anchorperson)

• Avoid awkward constructions using he/she, his/her, s/he. If this construction cannot be avoided, use he or she.
• See also chair.

Capitalize in all references to the government program.

His Social Security number is included on the form. 

But Department of Sociology and Anthropology

Use a single character space–not two–after periods and other end punctuation, commas, and colons. This holds for text of any kind, and in any setting: letters, webpages, manuscripts, and so on.

See Lewis & Clark Sports Hall of Fame.

Usually considered plural: The staff have reviewed the president’s document.

• For commencement programs, list both city and state for all U.S. addresses, and city and country for all non-U.S. addresses.

• For other print materials, some major cities do not require state or country identification; see also cities.

Not Student Health Services

When referring to a member of the Lewis & Clark community, avoid the unhyphenated form student athlete.

Do not capitalize.

As in Lewis & Clark’s Summer Session; lowercase elsewhere.

These words are not interchangeable in American English.

Which is used before a “nonessential” clause: The books, which are rare, are stored in a special room. (All of the books in question are stored in a special room. If you were to remove the words which are rare, the meaning of the sentence would not change.) A nonessential clause must be set off with commas.

That is used to introduce an “essential” clause: The books that are rare are stored in a special room. (Only the rare books are stored in a special room. Some of the books in question are not rare and are stored elsewhere. If you were to remove the words that are rare, the meaning of the sentence would change.) An essential clause must not be set off from the rest of the sentence by commas.

Hint: When in doubt, try the sentence both ways. If that fits comfortably, use it.

• Use theatrefor live performances and the buildings dedicated to them.

We need to get to the theatre well before curtain time.

• Use theatre for the discipline.

She might minor in theatre or economics.

• Use theaterfor movies and the buildings dedicated to showing them.

We saw a film at that great independent theater in Northwest.

TCKs is acceptable for subsequent references.

• Use a colon to separate hour from minutes. The colon and minutes are not necessary for even-hour times.

3:30 p.m.
11 a.m. (not 11:00 or 11:00 a.m.)

• In listings, use the following model to specify a time range:

5:30–8:30 p.m. (note the en dash)
10 a.m.–1:30 p.m. (note the en dash)

•  In text, use the following model to specify a time range:

from 5:30 to 8:30 p.m.(not from 5:30–8:30 p.m.)
from 10 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. (not from 10 a.m.–1:30 p.m.)

• Use noon and midnight, not 12 noon or 12 a.m., or 12 midnight or 12 p.m. In formal invitations, you may elect to use the following model:

six-thirty
seven-fifteen
eight o’clock

• See also en dash.

Capitalize course titles. Do not italicize or enclose in quotation marks.

Capitalize as shown here. Do not use quotation marks or italics.

Environmental Affairs Symposium
Gender Studies Symposium
International Affairs Symposium
New Student Orientation (Use NSO for second and subsequent appearances.)
Ray Warren Symposium on Race and Ethnic Studies

• Use italics with the following:

blogs
books (title alone is normally sufficient; no need to reference publisher, year, etc.)
exhibitions
movies and plays
major musical compositions
newspapers
paintings, drawings, statues, and other works of art
periodicals (journals and magazines)
video games (but not for other apps; see below)

• Use quotation marks with the following:

albums
articles
dissertations
individual lectures
papers (e.g., papers presented at conferences)
poems*
radio programs**
songs
speeches
stories
TV programs**

 
* If of book length, italicize.
** If part of a continuing series, italicize (e.g., PBS’s Sesame Street, National Public Radio’s All Things Considered).

• Do not use italics, underlining, or quotation marks (but use appropriate capitalization) with titles or names of the following:

apps
courses
events
symposia
panels

Not track & field

Make a reasonable effort to capitalize trademarked names. In general, you need not use the symbols ® and ™.

Coca-Cola (but cola drink)
Frisbee
Kleenex
Pyrex dishes
Xerox

Not Tri-Met. The regional public transit system.

Even the state government has trouble figuring out which name is correct, with different departments applying different forms. Tryon Creek State Natural Area is the form preferred by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. Their preferred short form is Tryon Creek. 

During midterms, you can find students playing spontaneous games of Ultimate Frisbee.

She will speak at an assembly of the United Nations.
He supported the naming of a new U.N. committee to address the issue.

While traveling in the United States, she developed an idea for her next novel.
His U.S. publisher, on the other hand, expected him to pay his tour expenses.

That housing is intended for upperclass students, so it’s unlikely you will find any first-years living there.
Judging from the home values, I would guess this to be an upper-class neighborhood.

Spell out in running text; may be abbreviated (vs.) in charts or other graphics where space is at a premium. See also legal cases.

Do not capitalize unless the term is functioning as part of a name.

Jane Atkinson, vice president and provost, plans to attend.
Vice President and Provost Jane Atkinson introduced the speaker.

Are you on the wait list?
Have they been wait-listed?

See Oregon Zoo.

Not web. Avoid World Wide Web.

Not web page, Web page, or web-page

In website addresses (URLs), avoid http://.

Not wellbeing

See that, which.

Not workstudy, work study, or Work-Study

Not workers compensation or worker’s compensation